Characteristics of Spiritual and Psychological Preparation of the Population in Emergency Situations
Keywords:
emergency situation, mental preparation, adequate reaction, moral preparation, self-management, individuality, physiological, psychological stressAbstract
This article offers a thorough analysis of the many emotional states and responses that people encounter in various emergency situations. It explores the complex features of these responses, including the physiological and psychological aspects of stress reactions. The article also looks at the particular methods and techniques used to prepare oneself mentally and spiritually during catastrophes. Examining the substance and core of initiatives meant to strengthen the psychological and spiritual fortitude of communities dealing with emergencies is at the center of the conversation. The article aims to provide light on the complexities of human behavior and coping strategies during times of crisis by carefully examining these variables.
References
]N. Garmezy and E. Devine, “Project competence: The Minnesota studies of children vulnerable to psychopathology,” in Children at Risk for Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Perspective, N. F. Watt, E. J. Anthony, N. F. Wynne, and J. E. Roff, Eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
]R. Buselli et al., “Professional quality of life and mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to sars-cov-2 (covid-19),” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, vol. 17, no. 17, p. 6180, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176180.
]S. Rice, A. Parker, D. Mawren, P. Clifton, P. Harcourt, and M. Lloyd, “Preliminary psychometric validation of a brief screening tool for athlete mental health among male elite athletes: The Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire,” Int. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 850–865, 2019, doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2019.1611900.
]D. Darbyshire, L. Brewster, R. Isba, R. Body, U. Basit, and D. Goodwin, “Retention of doctors in emergency medicine: A scoping review of the academic literature,” Emerg. Med. J., vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 663–672, 2021, doi: 10.1136/emermed-2020-210450.
]S. Liu, “Relationship between emotional intelligence and job stressors of psychiatric nurses: A multi-centre cross-sectional study,” J. Clin. Nurs., vol. 32, no. 21–22, pp. 7730–7739, 2023, doi: 10.1111/jocn.16865.
S. Chy, “Emerging adulthood: Impacts of adult care on education, work, and well-being,” Emerg. Adulthood, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1106–1118, 2023, doi: 10.1177/21676968231166987.
E. Rudolph and A. Barnard, “The Cinderella of positive psychology: Spiritual well-being as an emerging dimension of flourishing in pastoral work,” Int. J. Qual. Stud. Health Well-Being, vol. 18, no. 1, 2023, doi: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2170767.
T. Lennefer, D. Reis, E. Lopper, and A. Hoppe, “A step away from impaired well-being: A latent growth curve analysis of an intervention with activity trackers among employees,” Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 664–677, 2020, doi: 10.1080/1359432x.2020.1760247.
A. Seligowski, I. Fonkoue, N. Noble, D. Dixon, R. Gluck, and Y. Kim, “Vagal control moderates the association between endothelial function and PTSD symptoms in women with T2DM,” Brain Behav. Immun.-Health, vol. 26, p. 100527, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100527.
Y. Peng, Y. Park, S. Su, and J. Ma, “Developing and testing a model of dynamic changes in work–school conflict and workplace deviance over time,” J. Bus. Psychol., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 589–605, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10869-022-09841-z.
E. Michinov, “The moderating role of emotional intelligence on the relationship between conflict management styles and burnout among firefighters,” Saf. Health Work, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 448–455, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2022.07.001.
G. Guidetti, A. Grandi, D. Converso, N. Bosco, S. Fantinelli, and M. Zito, “Funeral and mortuary operators: The role of stigma, incivility, work meaningfulness and work–family relation to explain occupational burnout,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, vol. 18, no. 13, p. 6691, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136691.
C. Balducci, P. Spagnoli, L. Avanzi, and M. Clark, “A daily diary investigation on the job-related affective experiences fueled by work addiction,” J. Behav. Addict., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 967–977, 2021, doi: 10 .1556/2006.2020.00102.
T. V. Rogacheva, G. V. Zalevsky, and T. E. Levitskaya, Psychology of Extreme Situations and States. Tomsk, 2015.
Yu. Shoigu, Psychology of Extreme Situations for Rescuers and Firefighters. Moscow, 2007.
S. Alkalay and A. Dolev, “Enabling young elementary-school children to ask questions on a school-based internet forum operated by educational psychologists,” Psychol. Sch., vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 2932–2952, 2023, doi: 10.1002/pits.22905.
C. Harper, L. Satchell, D. Fido, and R. Latzman, “Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic,” Int. J. Ment. Health Addict., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1875–1888, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00281-5.
A. M. Stolyarenko, N. V. Serdyuk, and O. V. Filimonov, “Social Psychological Factors of Pedagogical Partnership between Society and Police,” Psychol. Sci. Educ., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 93–100, 2017, doi: 10.17759/pse.2017220413.
Y. Fayziev and E. Eshboev, General and Medical Psychology. Tashkent, 2009.
Y. Liu, Z. Zhai, Y. Han, Y. Liu, F. Liu, and D. Hu, “Experiences of front-line nurses combating coronavirus disease-2019 in China: a qualitative analysis,” Public Health Nurs., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 757–763, 2020, doi: 10.1111/phn.12768.
H. Shida, C. Nishiyama, S. Okabayashi, Y. Yamamoto, T. Shimamoto, and T. Kawamura, “Laypersons’ psychological barriers against rescue actions in emergency situations–a questionnaire survey,” Circ. J., vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 679–686, 2022, doi: 10.1253/circj.cj-21-0341.
C. Gong, “Investigation and analysis of training injury and its psychological effects on firefighters in Beijing a cross-sectional study,” Medicine (Baltimore), vol. 102, no. 38, p. e35179, 2023, doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000035179.
Z. Zhou, X. Zhang, M. Li, X. Wang, B. Chen, and Z. Xue, “Research on emergency rescue response in Wenchuan County in China based on Baidu map navigation data,” Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., vol. XLVIII-3/W1-2022, pp. 111–117, 2022, doi: 10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-3-w1-2022-111-2022.
Y. Li, Z. Liu, K. Chen, J. Qi, and C. Li, “Research on modular scheme of aviation emergency rescue for natural disasters,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 2364, no. 1, p. 012030, 2022, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2364/1/012030.
J. Liu, Y. Song, S. An, and C. Dong, “How to improve the cooperation mechanism of emergency rescue and optimize the cooperation strategy in China: a tripartite evolutionary game model,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 1326, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031326.
X. Mao, X. Hu, and A. Loke, “A concept analysis on disaster resilience in rescue workers: the psychological perspective,” Disaster Med. Public Health Prep., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1682–1691, 2021, doi: 10.1017/dmp.2021.157.
X. Sun, Z. Wang, H. Liu, M. Ren, and D. Feng, “Physical and mental health problems of Chinese front-line healthcare workers before, during and after the COVID-19 rescue mission: a qualitative study,” BMJ Open, vol. 12, no. 10, p. e059879, 2022, doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059879.
F. Loi, M. Lucchetta, C. Mameli, R. Rosmarino, G. Oppes, and R. Fuentes, “Study on the new role of civil and military air rescue nurses in the Italian context,” Nurs. Rep., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 480–495, 2023, doi: 10.3390/nursrep13010044.
L. Ferguson and J. Gaub, “Training police search and rescue teams: Implications for missing persons work,” Criminol. Crim. Justice, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 431–449, 2021, doi: 10.1177/17488958211057380.
I. Kovacs, A. Gireada, A. Irimia, and L. Munteanu, “Research on psychosocial risks in the context of intervention and rescue activities in toxic/flammable/explosive environments,” Matec Web Conf., vol. 342, p. 01007, 2021, doi: 10.1051/matecconf/202134201007.
T. Stea, S. Solaas, and A. Kleppang, “Association between physical activity, sedentary time, participation in organized activities, social support, sleep problems and mental distress among adults in southern Norway: A cross-sectional study among 28,047 adults from the general population,” BMC Public Health, vol. 22, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12769-x.
J. Gómez‐Salgado, S. Domínguez-Salas, M. Romero‐Martín, A. Romero, V. Coronado-Vázquez, and C. Ruiz‐Frutos, “Work engagement and psychological distress of health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic,” J. Nurs. Manag., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1016–1025, 2021, doi: 10.1111/jonm.13239.
D. Mitchell, D. Bressington, D. Esler, K. Straube, L. Noel-Gough, and L. Vermeulen, “The psychological well-being of people in a COVID-19 supervised quarantine facility: A mixed methods study,” J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 952–962, 2023, doi: 10.1111/jpm.12914.
N. Jaffer, T. Muniyapillai, K. Kulothungan, S. Rizvana, and S. Thirunavukkarasu, “The effect of physical activity and sedentary behavior on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population in the rural area of Perambalur: A cross-sectional study,” Cureus, 2023, doi: 10.7759/cureus.36891.
A. Walton, J. Marr, M. Cahillane, and K. Bush, “Building community resilience to disasters: A review of interventions to improve and measure public health outcomes in the northeastern United States,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 21, p. 11699, 2021, doi: 10.3390/su132111699.
T. Kavčič, A. Avsec, and G. Kocjan, “Psychological functioning of Slovene adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Does resilience matter?,” Psychiatr. Q., vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 207–216, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11126-020-09789-4.
S. Chuang, J. Wu, and C. Wang, “Resilience and quality of life in people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat., vol. Volume 19, pp. 507–514, 2023, doi: 10.214 7/ndt.s392332.
I. Hendrikx, S. Vermeulen, V. Wientjens, and R. Mannak, “Is team resilience more than the sum of its parts? A quantitative study on emergency healthcare teams during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health, vol. 19, no. 12, p. 6968, 2022, doi: 10.3390/ijerph19126968.
J. Wild, S. El-Salahi, M. Esposti, and G. Thew, “Evaluating the effectiveness of a group-based resilience intervention versus psychoeducation for emergency responders in England: A randomised controlled trial,” Plos One, vol. 15, no. 11, p. e0241704, 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241704.
E. Suarez, H. Oakes, and E. McGrath, “Resilience pathways and help-seeking preferences for Ontario police services,” J. Community Saf. Well-Being, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 23–32, 2023, doi: 10.35502/jcswb.307.
S. Anastazi and S. Urbina, Psychological Testing. Saint Petersburg: 11m gsr, 2003.
B. Naughton, D. O’Shea, L. Werff, and F. Buckley, “Influencing a nation: How a leader’s interpersonal emotion regulation influences citizen compliance via trust and emotions during a global pandemic,” Emotion, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 196–212, 2024, doi: 10.1037/emo0001262.
S. Kraus, T. Clauß, M. Breier, J. Gast, A. Zardini, and V. Tiberius, “The economics of COVID-19: initial empirical evidence on how family firms in five European countries cope with the corona crisis,” Int. J. Entrep. Behav. Res., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1067–1092, 2020, doi: 10.1108/ijebr-04-2020-0214.
M. Renault and M. Tarakci, “Affective leadership in agile teams,” Calif. Manage. Rev., vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 137–157, 2023, doi: 10.1177/00081256231179993.
M. Sultan, J. Sørensen, E. Carlström, L. Mortelmans, and A. Khorram‐Manesh, “Emergency healthcare providers’ perceptions of preparedness and willingness to work during disasters and public health emergencies,” Healthcare, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 442, 2020, doi: 10.3390/healthcare8040442.
H. AlHarastani, Y. Alawad, B. Devi, B. Mosqueda, V. Tamayo, and F. Kyounge, “Emergency and disaster preparedness at a tertiary medical city,” Disaster Med. Public Health Prep., vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 458–468, 2020, doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.28.
S. Bell, D. Singer, E. Solway, M. Kirch, J. Kullgren, and P. Malani, “Predictors of emergency preparedness among older adults in the United States,” Disaster Med. Public Health Prep., vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 624–630, 2020, doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.80.
C. Solanki, M. Geisinger, P. Luepke, K. Al-Bitar, L. Palomo, and W. Lee, “Assessing readiness to manage medical emergencies among dental students at four dental schools,” J. Dent. Educ., vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 1462–1470, 2021, doi: 10.1002/jdd.12640.
A. Ladak, B. Lee, and J. Sasinski, “Clinical nurse specialist expands to crisis management role during COVID-19 pandemic,” Clin. Nurse Spec., vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 291–299, 2021, doi: 10.1097/nur.0000000000000632.
T. Xiang, “Understanding emergency preparedness in public agencies: The key role of managerial perceptions,” Adm. Soc., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 424–450, 2021, doi: 10.1177/00953997211031224.
